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Ancient Egyptian units of measure include units for length, area and volume. ==Length== Units of length date back to at least the early dynastic period. In the Palermo stone, for instance, the level of the Nile river is recorded. During the reign of Pharaoh Djer the height of the river Nile was given as measuring 6 cubits and 1 palm. This is equivalent to approximately 3.2 m (roughly 10 feet 6 inches).〔 A third dynasty diagram shows how to construct an elliptical vault using simple measures along an arc. The ostracon depicting this diagram was found in the area of the Step Pyramid in Saqqara. A curve is divided into five sections and the height of the curve is given in cubits, palms and fingers in each of the sections.〔 Egyptian Circle Hiero in tables refers to Gardiner Numbers from the Sign List starting p. 438, values of measurements refer to section 266 p. 199-200;〔 see also 〔〔 Lengths could be measured by ordinary cubit rods, examples of which have been found in the tombs of officials for lengths up to the sizes measured by remen (see list of units below) and royal cubits which were used for land measures such as roads and fields, using rods, poles and knotted cords. Fourteen such rods, including one double cubit rod, were described and compared by Lepsius in 1865. Two examples are known from the tomb of Maya – the treasurer of Tutankhamun – in Saqqara. Another was found in the tomb of Kha (TT8) in Thebes. These cubits are about 52.5 cm long and are divided into palms and hands: each palm is divided into four fingers from left to right and the fingers are further subdivided into ro from right to left. The rules are also divided into hands〔 so that for example one foot is given as three hands and fifteen fingers and also as four palms and sixteen fingers(see the second register of the Turin cubit illustrated below)〔〔 For longer distances, such as land measurements, the Ancient Egyptians used rope. A scene in the tomb of Menna in Thebes shows surveyors measuring a plot of land using rope with knots tied at regular intervals. Similar scenes can be found in the tombs of Amenhotep-Sesi, Khaemhat and Djeserkareseneb. The balls of rope are also shown in New Kingdom statues of officials such as Senenmut, Amenemhet-Surer and Penanhor.〔Corinna Rossi, Architecture and Mathematics in Ancient Egypt, Cambridge University Press, 2007〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ancient Egyptian units of measurement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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